Plant sterols for human health- A review

The aim of the article was to review phytosterols as functional food and its significance in lowering cholesterol as well as its specific effect on human health. Phytosterols has been known for its cholesterol lowering action long time back but the uprising of phytosterols in form of functional foods gained the interest once again. Fatty food matrix provides optimal solubility but fortification of phytosterols with other food matrices like low fat fermented milk, bread, juice are showing positive results. A dose of 2 g/day of either steryl or stanyl esters has been prescribed for an optimum effect which has been confirmed by FDA and EC. A number of studies have documented the safety and the efficiency of phytosterols. But there is still a big question mark on the use of it because of their adverse effect on body in form of Phytosterol oxidation products (POPs). It needs further investigation to elucidate effect of POPs within body

Clinical Feature of Neonatal Sepsis: Role of Variation in Platelate Indices and Thrombocytopenia

Diagnosis of neonatal septicemia may be difficult as the early signs of sepsis may be subtle and different at different gestational ages. Platelet indices are helpful in the diagnosis as well as follow-up of sepsis including assessing the response of antimicrobial treatment if interpreted cautiously. However, these platelet indices are not appropriate always. The important platelet indices available for clinical utility include mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width and plateletcrit that are related to morphology and proliferation kinetics of platelets. Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological abnormality in neonates with sepsis. Abnormal MPV can aid diagnosing the cause of thrombocytopenia. Low MPV associated with thrombocytopenia has been found to result in clinical bleeding. Until recently, the mechanism of neonatal thrombocytopenias are unclear. As a result, classifications based on mechanism have proved of little practical help to neonatal paediatricians because of overemphasis of rare conditions of known mechanism. The studies addressing the importance of these platelet indices and thrombocytopenia may provide insights for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and therapy that would reduce the mortality rate. This review presents the details about the thrombocytopenia and its mechanism as a diagnostic measure for neonatal sepsis

Evaluation of echocardiographic systolic parameters in pre eclamptics and normotensives women

Background: Early detection of changes in cardiovascular echocardiographic systolic parameters and their comparison with normotensives women.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective case control study carried out in department of obstetrics and gynaecology in S.M.S Medical College, Jaipur during the period from February 2013 to December 2014. 100 women were enrolled in the study after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. All women underwent two dimensional echocardiography at rest. Cardiac systolic parameters were recorded and studied.Results: Mean LVEDV in PIH group was 75.71 ± 4.8 ml v/s 71.08 ± 5.6 ml in control group and the difference was statistically significant. Mean stroke volume was higher in PIH group as compared to the control group and the difference was statistically significant (59.83 ± 7.4ml/min v/s 52.48 ± 6.4ml/min). Mean Aortic Root Diameter in PIH group was 2.188 ± 1.04 cm as compared to the 1.866 ± 1.06 cm in the control group which was statistically significant. Mean Left Ventricular outflow Tract diameter was slightly higher in the PIH group as compared to the controls although the P-value was not significant (2.37 ± 1.06 cm and 1.99 ± 1.08 cm). Mean Total Vascular Resistance in PIH group was found to be higher in PIH group as compared to the controls and the difference was statistically significant (1389 ± 57.04 dynes/sec/cm-5 v/s 1286 ± 45.01 dynes/sec/cm-5).Conclusions: Systolic parameters get worsened in pre eclamptics. Early detection of change in these parameters could help to identify high risk women who are prone to develop cardiovascular morbidity in later life

Pulmonary Mucormycosis with Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report

Mucormycosis is an uncommon but life threatening fungal infection that generally occurs mostly in immunocompromised patients. Patients do not respond to the antibiotics and so the condition may prove to be fatal if not timely detected. In this report, we summarize a case of pulmonary mucormycosis in a patient with diabetes mellitus who was cured using Amphotericin B

Formalization of Event Perception and Event Appraisal Process

Integration of emotion in a virtual agent is a topic of research to depict human-like behavior in a simulated environment. For the last few decades, many researchers are working in the field of incorporating emotions in a virtual agent. In the emotion model, the behavior of an agent depends upon how the event is perceived by the agent with respect to the goal. Hence, perception of the event while considering the past experience, importance of event towards achieving goal, agent’s own capabilities and resources is an important process which directly influences the decision making and action selection. The proposed models, till date, are either too complex to adapt or are using a very few parameters to describe the event. So, in this paper, we propose an extension of perception process in an existing emotion model, EMIA and suggest the formalization of event perception and appraisal processes to make it adaptable. This has been carried out using five parameters for event description along-with fuzzy logic which makes the process more effective yet simple

Risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus and impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on maternal and fetal health during the antenatal period

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of dysglycaemia that occurs for the first time or is first detected during pregnancy. The adverse effects of GDM on pregnant women are pre-eclampsia, PIH, PPH, polyhydramanios, PROM, meanwhile, there would be an increase in dystocia, birth injury, and cesarean sectionMethods: This retrospective study was conducted in a Gynecology clinic in District Shivpuri to find out the various risk factors for GDM and to evaluate the impact of GDM on maternal and fetal health during the antenatal period. 84 patients who were diagnosed with GDM were included in the study. Results: Among risk factors; BMI >25 kg/m2 before pregnancy was found in 15.47% of the case, family history of diabetes mellitus 8.33%, Previous history of macrosomia 17.85%, Poor reproductive history 17.85%, baby with congenital malformation 8.33%, H/o unexplained IUFD 11.90%. H/o polyhydramnios 15.47%. History of PCOS 13.09% and preeclampsia was found in 17.85% of cases. In antenatal complications; miscarriages was found in 15.47%. polyhydramnios in 17.85%. Oligohydramnios in 8.33%, preterm labor in 11.90%, PROM in 9.52%, pre-eclampsia in 17.85%, sudden IUFD in 8.33% and congenital malformation was found in 4.76% of cases. On USG; IUGR was found in 7.14% of cases. Large for date fetus in 16.66% of cases and the normal growth was found in 76.19% of cases.Conclusions- In conclusion appropriate and timely diagnosis and treatment of GDM will result in decreased maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes comparable to general population rates, therefore, early diagnosis is important

Multiplicative Error State Kalman Filter vs Nonlinear Complimentary Filter for a High Performance Aircraft Attitude Estimation

Modern control law designs increasingly use aircraft attitude information to improve aircraft manoeuverability. Attitude information allows for gravity term compensations in the longitudinal as well as lateral directional control laws of a typical fighter aircraft. Methodologies and comparisons of multiplicative error state Kalman filter (MEKF) and nonlinear complimentary filter for estimation of attitudes of a high performance aircraft using its onboard autonomous sensors is presented. Shows a problem in pitch angle estimation beyond ± 80 deg in the MEKF and a solution is proposed for the same for the first time. Also presents novel aiding sensor modelling for the implementation of attitude heading reference system for this class of aircraft for the first time. The filter formulations are evaluated using full range manuoevering real flight test data

A Case of Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy with Rapid Progression to End-Stage Renal Disease

Immunotactoid glomerulopathy (IGN) is a rare immunoglobulin deposition disease. It is often mistaken for cryoglobulinemia or amyloidosis due to the similarities on biopsy findings. The disease progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) within 7 months to 10 years. This is the first case reported of a patient with a diagnosis of IGN who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) and ESRD within 1 week of initial presentation

A Comparative Study on Routing schemes for Wireless Network

Ubiquitous smart devices with embedded sensors are paving the way for mobile ad hoc networks (ad-hoc network) that enable users to communicate directly, thereby playing a key role in Smart City and Internet of Things applications. In such smart environments, people with smart devices (nodes) can freely self-organize and form self-configuring ad-hoc network to send and forward data packets to a destination over multiple hops via intermediate nodes. Wireless Networks includes a larger advantage in today’s communication application like environmental, traffic, military, and health observation. To realize these applications it's necessary to possess a reliable routing protocol. The main motivation of this paper is to review various routing schemes in ad-hoc network that have recently been proposed to enhance throughput when transmitting and receiving packets during active communication. The review covers various state-of-the-art protocols for each category and highlights their operation concepts, design challenges and key features. In addition, the performance evaluation metrics are also discussed